Learn how to use substantive verbs
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| Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 10 - An Unsatisfying Turkish Meal |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to TurkishClass101.com This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 10 - An Unsatisfying Turkish Meal. Eric here. |
| İçten: Merhaba, I'm İçten. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn about substantive verbs. The conversation takes place at a restaurant. |
| İçten: It's between Özge, Mert, and a waiter. |
| Eric: The speakers are strangers in a customer service context, so they’ll use formal Turkish. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Garson: Hanımefendi buyrun salatanız ve size de dana şinitzel buyrun. |
| Özge: Affedersiniz, salatanın içindekiler yer fıstığı mı acaba? |
| Garson: Evet hanımefendi. Hellim salatamızın içinde peynir dışında kuru domates ve yer fıstığı da vardır. |
| Özge: Benim yer fıstığına karşı alerjim var. Bunları menüde belirtmek zorundaydınız. Müşteriler için tehlikeli olabilir. |
| Garson: Affedersiniz efendim. Hemen değiştiriyoruz. |
| Özge: Şefinize bir sorar mısınız sosunda da yer fıstığı varsa onu da koymasın lütfen. |
| Garson: Hemen efendim. Başka bir arzunuz? |
| Özge: Kuru domatesi de sevmiyorum. Onları da çıkarır mısınız? |
| Garson: Tamam. |
| Mert: Menü konusunda hiç bilgili değilmişler. Aç kaldın. Keşke evde yeseydik. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Waiter: A salad for the lady and beef schnitzel for you. |
| Ozge: Excuse me, are those peanuts? |
| Waiter: Yes ma'am. Our halloumi salad contains dried tomatoes and peanuts along with the cheese. |
| Ozge: I'm allergic to peanuts. You should've stated that on the menu. It could be dangerous for your customers. |
| Waiter: I beg your pardon. We'll change it ASAP. |
| Ozge: Could you please ask your chef to remove the sauce if it contains peanuts as well? |
| Waiter: Sure, right away. Anything else? |
| Ozge: I don’t like dried tomatoes, either. Could you please remove them too? |
| Waiter: OK. |
| Mert: The menu wasn’t informative at all. You’re going to stay hungry. I wish we'd eaten at home. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: That menu wasn’t very helpful... |
| İçten: It was terrible, wasn’t it? In Turkey, we use the word et to cover all types of meat. |
| Eric: So chicken, red meat... |
| İçten: And fish too. |
| Eric: Wow, so it really is all meats. Are there special terms for the different types of meat? |
| İçten: Yes, we can use beyaz et for “white meat,” such as chicken, pork, and fish. |
| Eric: And what about red meats, like beef, lamb, and venison? |
| İçten: That would be called kırmızı et. |
| Eric: I presume you can buy meat at the supermarket or the butchers? |
| İçten: That’s right. There are also fishmongers in some seaside districts, but pork might be a little more difficult to buy. |
| Eric: Oh yes, the majority of Turkish people are Muslim, right? |
| İçten: That’s correct. You can find ham and bacon in some gourmet supermarkets, but other types of pork are difficult to find. There are only a few butchers in Istanbul that sell pork. |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| İçten: hanımefendi [natural native speed] |
| Eric: my lady, ma'am |
| İçten: hanımefendi[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: hanımefendi [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| İçten: alerji [natural native speed] |
| Eric: allergy |
| İçten: alerji[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: alerji [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| İçten: müşteri [natural native speed] |
| Eric: client |
| İçten: müşteri[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: müşteri [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| İçten: tehlike [natural native speed] |
| Eric: danger |
| İçten: tehlike[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: tehlike [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| İçten: değiştirmek [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to change |
| İçten: değiştirmek[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: değiştirmek [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| İçten: koymak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to put |
| İçten: koymak[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: koymak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| İçten: arzu [natural native speed] |
| Eric: desire |
| İçten: arzu[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: arzu [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| İçten: çıkarmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to remove |
| İçten: çıkarmak[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: çıkarmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| İçten: keşke [natural native speed] |
| Eric: if only |
| İçten: keşke[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: keşke [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| İçten: zorunda [natural native speed] |
| Eric: have to |
| İçten: zorunda[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| İçten: zorunda [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| İçten: tehlikeli olmak |
| Eric: meaning "to be dangerous." What can you tell us about this? |
| İçten: In the last lesson we introduced verbs that were made from an adjective and the verb “to be,” olmak, and this is another one. |
| Eric: So it’s made from the adjective for “dangerous”? |
| İçten: Yes, tehlikeli. |
| Eric: When do use this? |
| İçten: We use it when something or someone is a danger to others. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| İçten: For example, you can say.. Gevşeyen tabela tehlikeli olmaya başladı. |
| Eric: ..which means "The loosened signboard became dangerous." Okay, what's the next word? |
| İçten: hanımefendi |
| Eric: meaning "my lady, ma'am." Can you explain this to us, İçten? |
| İçten: It is a compound noun made of two nouns, hanım meaning ''lady,'' and efendi meaning ''sir'' or ''lord.'' |
| Eric: It’s an old fashioned but polite way to refer to women of all ages. |
| İçten: Yes, you should be careful with how you address women in Turkey. Some people prefer to use kadın, which means “woman” or bayan meaning “Miss/Mrs.” |
| Eric: Is there a problem with that? |
| İçten: Some people dislike using bayan because there is another word, bayan, which means “to turn somebody off” or “to bore someone.” But, kadın isn’t widely accepted either as it used to have a rude and vulgar connotation. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| İçten: Sure. For example, you can say. Hanımefendi Erenköy'de oturmaktadır. |
| Eric: .. which means "The lady lives in Erenköy." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn about substantive verbs. First, what’s a substantive verb? |
| İçten: These are verbs that help nouns and adjectives to function like verbs. They’re used a lot in Turkish and add flexibility. |
| Eric: How do we make substantive verbs? |
| İçten: With suffixes of course! These suffixes are -im, -sin, -dir, -iz, -siniz, and -dirler. |
| Eric: Of course! |
| İçten: Substantive verbs are also used in compound verb tenses, which are -miş, -sa and -dı. The suffixes vary a lot according to Turkish palatal harmony and the assimilation of consonants. |
| Eric: There are a lot of differences, too many for us to go through in this lesson, but check out the lesson notes for all of the information. |
| İçten: Yes. We’ll give a couple of examples, such as Ben doktorum. |
| Eric: “I am a doctor.” How we do say “I am not a doctor”? |
| İçten: Ben doktor değilim. To conjugate substantive verbs, the definite past tense containing the morpheme -di, and the indefinite past tense containing the morpheme -miş, and the simple present tense are used from the indicative mood. |
| Eric: Let’s have an example. |
| İçten: So the verb akıllı olmak, meaning “to be smart,” becomes akıllıydım with “I,” and the negative is akıllı değildim. |
| Eric: Let’s move on to substantive verbs with an indefinite past tense suffix. This gives information about the past, but in a situation where the object didn’t experience the information first hand and just knows about it. |
| İçten: It’s made with the suffix -miş. |
| Eric: As before, can you give us examples for “to be smart” in both affirmative and negative conjugations, to be used with “I”? |
| İçten: Sure. Akıllıymışım and akıllı değilmişim, respectively. |
| Eric: Next we have substantive verbs with the simple present tense suffix. This carries a meaning similar to the present continuous. And again, “to be smart” in affirmative and negative please, İçten! |
| İçten: Okay! Akıllıyım and akıllı değilim. |
| Eric: How about substantive verbs with conditional suffixes? |
| İçten: Akıllıysam and akıllı değilsem. |
| Eric: I didn’t even need to ask that time! What’s the final conjugation that we will look at in this lesson? |
| İçten: Conjugating with the -ken suffix. |
| Eric: This is used as a gerund and clashes with the vowel harmony rules. Can you give us an example sentence? |
| İçten: Sure. Rüzgar eserken saçları dalgalanıyordu. |
| Eric: “Her hair swayed when the wind was blowing.” |
| Eric: Listeners, make sure to check the Lesson Notes PDF for more examples. |
| İçten: We’ve also included the conjugation rules in detail, as well as conjugation charts. |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| İçten: Güle güle. |
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