Learn about derivatives from an informal conversation
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to TurkishClass101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 13 - It's Time for Some Turkish Retail Therapy! Eric Here. |
| Selin: Merhaba, I'm Selin. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll be introduced to gerunds. The conversation takes place at work. |
| Selin: It's between Ozge and Alice. |
| Eric: The speakers are co-workers; therefore, they’ll speak informal Turkish. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Alice: Hafta sonu ne yaptın? |
| Özge: Vitrinlere bakarak saatlerce oyalandım. |
| Alice: Pardon, "oyalanmak" ne demek? |
| Özge: Sıkıntı, üzüntü veya stresten kaçmak için boş zaman geçirmek, bir şeylerle uğraşmak demek. |
| Alice: Anladım. Başıboş gezerek beklemek gibi mi? |
| Özge: Evet. Başıboş gezmek gündelik dilde kullanılır. Deyim gibi. |
| Alice: Tamam. Peki neden? Canın bir şeye mi sıkıldı? |
| Özge: Sorma... Cuma günü kardeşim ağlaya ağlaya eve geldi. Üstüne, musluk bozulmuş, sular aka aka banyonun her tarafını berbat etmiş. |
| Alice: Off çok kötü olmuş. Nasıl halledeceksin? |
| Özge: Bugün izin aldım. Hava kararmadan eve gideceğim. Tamirci gelecek. |
| Alice: Kolay gelsin. Zor iş. |
| Özge: Evet. Dün o kadar temizlik yaptığım halde, bitiremedim. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Alice: Hafta sonu ne yaptın? |
| Özge: Vitrinlere bakarak saatlerce oyalandım. |
| Alice: Pardon, "oyalanmak" ne demek? |
| Özge: Sıkıntı, üzüntü veya stresten kaçmak için boş zaman geçirmek, bir şeylerle uğraşmak demek. |
| Alice: Anladım. Başıboş gezerek beklemek gibi mi? |
| Özge: Evet. Başıboş gezmek gündelik dilde kullanılır. Deyim gibi. |
| Alice: Tamam. Peki neden? Canın bir şeye mi sıkıldı? |
| Özge: Sorma... Cuma günü kardeşim ağlaya ağlaya eve geldi. Üstüne, musluk bozulmuş, sular aka aka banyonun her tarafını berbat etmiş. |
| Alice: Off çok kötü olmuş. Nasıl halledeceksin? |
| Özge: Bugün izin aldım. Hava kararmadan eve gideceğim. Tamirci gelecek. |
| Alice: Kolay gelsin. Zor iş. |
| Özge: Evet. Dün o kadar temizlik yaptığım halde, bitiremedim. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Alice: What did you do last weekend? |
| Ozge: I hung around window shopping for hours. |
| Alice: Sorry, what does "oyalanmak" mean? |
| Ozge: It means to hang around or to distract yourself in order to ward off boredom or sadness. |
| Alice: Got it. Like waiting for something to happen and wandering around. |
| Ozge: Exactly. "Başıboş gezmek" is slang, more like an idiomatic expression. |
| Alice: OK. And why? Were you feeling down for some reason? |
| Ozge: Ah don't even ask... My brother came home crying his heart out on Friday. What is more is that our water pipes are broken. Water kept flowing in and ruined my bathroom. |
| Alice: Ah sounds bad. How will you handle it? |
| Ozge: I took the day off. I'll go home before dark. The repairman will have a look at it. |
| Alice: Take it easy. Sounds hard. |
| Ozge: Yup, yesterday, no matter how much cleaning I did, I couldn't get it fully done. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Well, that conversation started out nicely enough, and then we heard about the broken water pipes. |
| Selin: Yeah, that sounds like a nightmare! It’s especially rough if you own the house and have to repair things yourself. |
| Eric: But, a lot of people live in apartments, right? |
| Selin: Right. If you move into a new apartment block in Turkey, you should expect to talk to your neighbours. They’ll be very curious about you! |
| Eric: Do people greet each other and stop for short chats when they see their neighbours? |
| Selin: Yes, they do. It’s important to be friendly with your neighbours. |
| Eric: How are apartment blocks maintained? |
| Selin: Usually there are monthly meetings to discuss topics that affect the block, such as maintenance or parking. |
| Eric: Is there an apartment manager on hand? |
| Selin: Someone is elected each year to look after these meetings. Each apartment block also usually has a kapıcı. |
| Eric: What’s that? |
| Selin: It’s a “doorman” who lives there with their family, cleans up the block, and will even run small errands for you. |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Selin: oyalanmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to hang around |
| Selin: oyalanmak[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: oyalanmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Selin: sıkıntı [natural native speed] |
| Eric: discomfort |
| Selin: sıkıntı[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: sıkıntı [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Selin: üzüntü [natural native speed] |
| Eric: sadness |
| Selin: üzüntü[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: üzüntü [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Selin: uğraşmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to strive, to deal with |
| Selin: uğraşmak[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: uğraşmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Selin: beklemek [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to wait |
| Selin: beklemek[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: beklemek [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Selin: bozulmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to break down |
| Selin: bozulmak[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: bozulmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And next... |
| Selin: ağlamak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to cry |
| Selin: ağlamak[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: ağlamak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And next... |
| Selin: akmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to flow |
| Selin: akmak[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: akmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Selin: halletmek [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to get something done, to figure out |
| Selin: halletmek [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: halletmek [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last... |
| Selin: kararmak [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to get dark, to darken |
| Selin: kararmak [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Selin: kararmak [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Selin: canı sıkılmak |
| Eric: meaning "to be bored, to be annoyed." What can you tell us about this phrase? |
| Selin: This is an idiom. canı means “one’s own life,” and sıkılmak means “to be bored.” |
| Eric: So together it means “to be bored.” |
| Selin: Yes, can is a noun, and sıkılmak is a verb in nominative form. |
| Eric: When’s this idiom used? |
| Selin: It’s used in everyday conversation. It can be used in both formal and informal situations. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Selin: Sure. For example, you can say, Öğretmeni onu herkesin önünde azarlayınca canı sıkıldı. |
| Eric: ...which means "When his/her teacher scolded him/her in front of everyone, he/she was annoyed." |
| Eric: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Selin: başıboş gezmek |
| Eric: meaning "to ramble." This is another idiom. |
| Selin: It’s composed of a compound adjective meaning "idle" and gezmek, which means "to travel" in nominative form. |
| Eric: What about the first word? |
| Selin: This is composed of baş meaning "head" and boş meaning "empty." It literally means “airhead.” |
| Eric: How’s this idiom used? |
| Selin: It can be used to describe someone who wastes their time by doing nothing, or it can mean unattended. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Selin: Sure. For example, you can say, Türkiye'de bir çok terk edilmiş sokak köpeği başıboş gezer. |
| Eric: ...which means "In Turkey, a lot of abandoned, stray dogs ramble around on the streets." |
| Eric: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Selin: berbat etmek |
| Eric: meaning "to mess up, to ruin." What can you tell us about this phrase? |
| Selin: This is the adjective berbat, meaning “appalling,” and etmek meaning “to do.” |
| Eric: Together, it means “to mess up something.” |
| Selin: This phrase is often used with Turkish idioms and proverbs. It’s best in informal situations because it’s negative and slang-like. |
| Eric: How’s it used with idioms and proverbs? |
| Selin: An example is the phrase Bir çuval inciri berbat ettin. |
| Eric: "You upset the applecart." Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Selin: Sure. For example, you can say, Sürpriz doğum günü partisini ağzımdan kaçırdığım için herşeyi berbat ettim. |
| Eric: ...which means "The surprise birthday party plan just slipped through my mouth, and I ruined everything." |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn about gerunds. |
| Eric: In English, gerunds are verbs that don’t act as verbs. For example, “swimming” in the sentence “I like swimming.” What are they in Turkish? |
| Selin: They come from verbs and are conjugated. They act as adverbs in a sentence. |
| Eric: The gerund itself doesn’t conjugate. |
| Selin: It doesn’t have personal pronoun suffixes either and is the complement of the sentence. |
| Eric: So it’s different to a verbal adjective or a participle. |
| Selin: They have a more varied set of meanings and semantic uses compared to verbal adjectives too. |
| Eric: What are these semantic uses? |
| Selin: There are five, and they’re all listed in the Lesson Notes. But for this lesson, we’ll concentrate on ‘Gerunds of State,’ or ‘Concordant Gerunds’ as they’re also known. |
| Eric: How do we make these concordant gerunds? |
| Selin: They use certain suffixes, which are also listed in the lesson notes. |
| Eric: For now, let’s look at some examples. Let’s take the verb “to see.” |
| Selin: The infinitive form of the verb is bakmak. We can add the suffix -arak to make it into the gerund bakarak. |
| Eric: Which can be translated to as “while looking.” How about the verb “to go?” |
| Selin: The infinitive form of the verb is gitmek. We can add the suffix -ken to make it into the gerund giderken. |
| Eric: Which means “along the way.” Let’s try one last one - “to give.” |
| Selin: The infinitive form of this one is vermek. We can add the suffix -meden to make it into the gerund vermeden. |
| Eric: Which means “without a break.” |
| Selin: We can also make gerunds negative. For example, bakarak, which means “while looking,” becomes bakmayarak. |
| Eric: “While not looking.” |
| Selin: Typically a gerund is added after the subject of the sentence and can be followed by as many objects as you want. |
| Eric: Let’s hear a couple of example sentences. |
| Selin: Arkadaşımla eskilerden konuşarak uzun süre yürüdük. |
| Eric: “We walked with my friend for a long time while speaking about the old times.” |
| Selin: Mert, bana söz verdiği halde nikaha katılmadı. |
| Eric: “Mert did not attend the engagement ceremony although he had promised me.” |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Selin: Güle güle. |
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