Learn how to talk about recent activities in the past tense
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Brandon: Hi everyone! I’m Brandon. Welcome back to TurkishClass101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 2: “Sleeping Your Life Away in Turkey!” |
| Feyza: Merhaba. I'm Feyza. |
| Brandon: Feyza, what are we going to learn in this lesson? |
| Feyza: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use past tense verb forms. |
| Brandon: This conversation takes place at Hakan's house. |
| Feyza: Hakan's son, Serhat, gives his father an excuse for skipping his morning and afternoon classes at school. |
| Brandon: Since the conversation is between a father and son, they’ll be speaking informal Turkish. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Hakan: Bu sabah neredeydin? |
| Serhat: Uyuyordum. |
| Hakan: Peki bu öğleden sonra? |
| Serhat: Uyuyordum... |
| Hakan: E şimdi uyan. Akşam oldu bile. |
| Serhat: Ergenim. Arkadaşlarım normal olduğunu söylüyor. |
| Brandon: Let’s listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Hakan: Bu sabah neredeydin? |
| Serhat: Uyuyordum. |
| Hakan: Peki bu öğleden sonra? |
| Hakan: E şimdi uyan. Akşam oldu bile. |
| Serhat: Ergenim. Arkadaşlarım normal olduğunu söylüyor. |
| Brandon: Now, let’s listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Hakan: Where were you this morning? |
| Serhat: I was sleeping. |
| Hakan: And this afternoon? |
| Serhat: Sleeping. |
| Hakan: So, get up now. It's already evening. |
| Serhat: I'm a teenager. My friends say it's normal. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: Wow, Feyza! Serhat sure seemed sleepy. I’m not sure my father would have let me sleep all day. |
| Feyza: Well, he is a teenager. It’s not uncommon to take a nap in Turkey. |
| Brandon: How do we say “take a nap” in Turkish? |
| Feyza. You can say şekerleme yapmak or kestirmek. Both of these expressions mean “taking a nap.” But you may want to use şekerleme yapmak. It literally means “to make confectionary.” |
| Brandon: To make sweets? What does that have to do with a nap? |
| Feyza: This phrase is used because taking a quick nap in the middle of the day is considered a sweet and good experience. |
| Brandon: Ah, I see! When do most people in Turkey take a nap? |
| Feyza: Şekerleme yapmak happens usually around noontime or in the afternoon and is about thirty minutes to an hour and a half. In fact, some companies in Turkey encourage a short daytime nap because they believe that it’ll increase the performance of their workers, make them concentrate better, and help them strengthen their decision-making ability. |
| Brandon: Good to know! Can we hear those two phrases again? |
| Feyza: Sure. Şekerleme yapmak. |
| Brandon: "To take a nap." |
| Feyza: Kestirmek. |
| Brandon: "To snooze." Okay, now on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: The first word is... |
| Feyza: ...nerede. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: “Where” or “from where?” |
| Feyza: Nerede? [slowly - broken down by syllable] Nerede? [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Feyza: ...uyumak. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: “To sleep.” |
| Feyza: Uyumak. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Uyumak. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Our next word is... |
| Feyza: ...peki. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: “Alright” or “okay.” |
| Feyza: Peki. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Peki. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Feyza: ...şimdi. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: “Now.” |
| Feyza: Şimdi. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Şimdi. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have... |
| Feyza: ...uyanmak. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: “To wake up.” |
| Feyza: Uyanmak. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Uyanmak. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next... |
| Feyza: ...ergen. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: “Adolescent” or “teenager.” |
| Feyza: Ergen. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Ergen. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Our next word is... |
| Feyza: Arkadaş. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: “Friend.” |
| Feyza: Arkadaş. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Arkadaş. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Last we have... |
| Feyza: ...söylemek. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: “To say.” |
| Feyza: Söylemek. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Söylemek. [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Feyza: ...akşam olmak. |
| Brandon: This phrase means “to turn into evening,” and it literally means “to get dark.” |
| Feyza: Olmak is an auxiliary verb meaning “to be; become; happen; occur; or exist.” Akşam means “evening.” |
| Brandon: When can we use this phrase? |
| Feyza: Well, you'll often hear Turkish people saying akşam olmak when it’s evening, and they want to specifically indicate the time. |
| Brandon: For example? |
| Feyza: Artık eve gidelim, akşam oldu, means, “Let's go home; it's evening already.” |
| Brandon: So, this phrase is included to mean that it's getting late? |
| Feyza: Right. Akşam olmak should be used only from six o’clock in the evening to around nine o’clock. After that, it becomes gece, or “night.” In Turkey, these names usually change according to Islamic prayer times. |
| Brandon: Okay, next we have... |
| Feyza: ...söylemek. |
| Brandon: Meaning "to say” or “to tell." |
| Feyza: Söylemek is the infinitive form of the root word söyle… |
| Brandon: ...which means “to tell; utter; or confess,” depending on the context. |
| Feyza: Söylemek can also be used to mean "to sing," as in şarkı söylemek. |
| Brandon: “To sing a song." Feyza, what else should we know about this word? |
| Feyza: Well, when you quote someone directly, you shouldn’t use söylemek. Instead, use the verb demek, meaning “to say.” For example, ‘O, ‘yaşım elli’ dedi’’. |
| Brandon: This means, “He said, ‘I’m fifty.’” Can you give us an example using our key word? |
| Feyza: Sure. Saat 8'de geleceğini söyledi. |
| Brandon: Meaning, “He said that he will be coming at eight o'clock.” Okay, now on to the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you'll learn about using past tense verb forms. |
| Feyza: In the dialogue, Serhat said, uyuyordum. |
| Brandon: Meaning “I was sleeping.” Feyza, how can we form the past tense in Turkish? |
| Feyza: Well, Turkish has two different past tense forms: the regular past tense and the story past tense. |
| Brandon: In this lesson, we're going to talk about the regular past tense. |
| Feyza: Also called, di'li geçmiş zaman, or the simple past tense. The regular past tense uses the -di suffix to make the past tense form. This suffix -di can be replaced with these other suffixes -dı, -du, and -dü, according to the vowel harmony rules. |
| Brandon: What are the rules we should know? |
| Feyza: Here they are: Use dı if it comes after ı or a. Use di if it comes after i or e. Use du if it comes after u or o. Use dü if it comes after ü or ö. |
| Brandon: Listeners, you can find these rules in the Lesson Notes, so be sure to review them! Now, let's make a simple sentence in the past tense using one of these suffixes. |
| Feyza: Sure, let’s use geldi, meaning, “He came.” This is formed by the root gel-, meaning "to come," and the suffix -di to form the past tense. We used -di because the root had e. |
| Brandon: So it seems like this rule can also be applied to nouns and adjectives using the past tense form of “to be.” The meaning in this case is the same as “was” in English. |
| Feyza: That’s right. For example, genç, becomes gençti. |
| Brandon: “(She) is young," becomes, "(She) was young." |
| Feyza: Kibar, becomes kibardı. |
| Brandon: "(He) is polite," becomes, "(He) was polite." Can you give us a few more examples using the past tense? |
| Feyza: Sure. Kahvaltıda ne yedin? |
| Brandon: Meaning, ''What did you eat for breakfast?'' |
| Feyza: Simit ve peynir yedim. |
| Brandon: ''I ate a sesame bagel and cheese.'' Yum! Listeners, check out the Lesson Notes for more details and examples on how to create the regular past tense. |
Outro |
| Brandon: Thank you for listening, everyone. See you next time! |
| Feyza: Görüşürüz. |
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